Skip to content

    We use cookies and analytics to improve your experience. By continuing to use this site, you consent to our use of cookies.

    Back to Glossary
    Legal & Regulatory

    Encroachment

    A physical intrusion of a structure or improvement onto a neighboring property — a fence, driveway, or building over the line. Encroachments cloud marketability and surface during surveys; appraisers note them as title and value risks.

    Related Terms

    Survey

    A licensed surveyor's measurement and mapping of a property's boundaries, improvements, and encroachments.

    Encumbrance

    Any claim, lien, easement, or restriction that limits an owner's rights or affects title.

    Title

    The legal evidence of ownership rights in real property.

    More in Legal & Regulatory

    View all

    Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP)

    USPAP

    The nationally recognized ethical and performance standards for the appraisal profession, established by The Appraisal Foundation.

    FIRREA (Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act)

    FIRREA

    The 1989 federal law that established the modern appraisal regulatory framework, requiring state licensing of appraisers and USPAP compliance for all federally related real estate transactions..

    Dodd-Frank Act (Appraisal Provisions)

    The 2010 federal financial reform law that included significant appraisal provisions: appraiser independence requirements, AMC registration, customary and reasonable fee mandates, and prohibition of BPOs for origination..

    Appraiser Independence

    The legal requirement that appraisers must be free from improper influence, coercion, or pressure from parties with a financial interest in the transaction outcome.

    Ready to Get Started?

    Join the modern appraisal platform — flexible pricing that scales with your practice.